The diversity of Asian urbanism plays an important role “as a shifting theoretical frontier” in creating regional models and identities for urban development and policy knowledge (Bunnell et al. The “resulting plurality of urban transformation pathways” (WBGU 2016: 3) in Southeast Asia is therefore an interesting field of observation and “a rich comparative frame” which “includes differences that might ordinarily be held apart” (Bunnell et al. The ongoing transformation from previously mostly rural to increasingly urban societies and spaces is closely interrelated with a profound change in the economical, ecological and socio-cultural landscape and can be characterized as a polycentric urbanization and development (Knox 2009) and as Schindler states, it is inherited with a persistent disconnect between capital and labor (Schindler 2017: 47). Forecasts for 2050 by the UN’s Department of Economic and Social Affairs show a steady continuation of urban growth and predict that up to 65 percent of Southeast Asia’s population will live in urban areas (UN 2018). Whereas in 1975 more than 75 percent of the regional population lived outside urban areas, the percentage is currently already below 50. map on population density below), similarities in terms of their complexity and overall dynamics can be overserved. While the scale, pace or intensity of urbanization processes varies strongly between and within Southeast Asian countries (cf. Southeast Asia (SEA) and especially the urban spaces in Southeast Asia are among the most dynamic and at the same time highly diverse regions on our planet.
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